In each of the essays below, a proposal is presented. Each author undertakes

a. to show that at root there is an issue of ethical import.

b. to provide each proposal (the claim) with a supporting structure of justification according to Toulmin: evidence, warrants and bases.

c. to provide a cursory cost-benefit analysis probabilized over the short and long run; and

d. to address rebuttals related to Cue, Concern and Control.