1. Developing knowledge and skills that facilitate gaining a livelihood. (Herbert Spencer)

2. Commanding refined and gentle manners. (Nicholas Murray Butler)

3. Learning to be ordered, constant and moderate. (Cicero)

4. Gaining the power to grow and develop throughout a long life. (Nicholas Murray Butler)

5. Learning to behave in such a way that your parents have no anxiety about you, except for your health. (Confucius)

6. Understanding the real immensity of the unfathomed skies. (Logan Pearsal Smith)

7. Understanding that knowledge is not a series of propositions to be absorbed, but a series of problems to be partly solved. (Zechariah Chaffee, Jr.)

8. Enlarging knowledge of obligations and increasing capacity to perform them. (Owen D. Young).

9. Learning new distinctions and coming to know better and more deeply what was known before. (Maria Montessori )

10. Developing correctness and precision in the use of the mother tongue. (Nicholas Murray Butler))

11. Gaining the ability to make use of higher order thinking skills in mathematics and science.

12. Learning the information E.D. Hirsch (Cultural LIteracy) argues every American needs to know to be “culturally literate.”

13. Learning to understand ourselves, to be at peace with nature, and to be in unity with God. (Friedrich Froebel).